Freight transportation plays an extremely important role for the economy in many countries, as it substantially contributes to the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Based on information released by the United States (U.S) Bureau of Transportation Statistics, the transportation-related products and services constitute around 10% of the U.S GDP. Sea serves as a primary mode for distribution of cargo across the world, as more than 90% of the global trade is carried by oceangoing vessels.
The international seaborne trade volumes have been steadily growing after the world’s financial crisis of 2007-2008. There are different alternatives that can be used by marine container terminal (MCT) operators, who are responsible for the service of arriving vessels, in order to cope with the growing demand for the international seaborne trade. These…
