Introduction
Mainland China has experienced a tremendous change in its port administration and management systems, with a simultaneous expansion of both capacity and throughput. A successful series of reforms, which were implemented in three consecutive major stages, provided a solid foundation for the rapid development of ports and shipping in mainland China. Continuous development over the last thirty years has resulted in great strides in the ports and shipping industry, encompassing major changes to regional distribution networks, and a greatly increased scale and scope of operations.
The defined strategy of mainland Chinese port development has been successfully integrated with wider mainland Chinese economic development. Container port integration with other components of the logistics industry of mainland China has been remarkable in encouraging rapid growth of container ports. The gradual implementation of structural reform of the financial and organisational structures within port management systems has enabled the rapid development of ports in mainland China. Appropriately designed and financed policies have also enabled the sustainable development of the port and shipping industry as a whole. Appropriately designed and financed policies have also enabled the sustainable development of the ports and shipping industry as a whole.
Port system reform
The development of ports in mainland China has significantly relied on implementation of the port reform strategies which commenced in the 1980s. Without such port industry reforms, the tremendous development of ports, and of the wider economy, could not have occurred. The reform process can be described as a series of three successive reform strategies.
The first stage, beginning in the early 1980s, was …
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